What is the Difference Between Preeclampsia and Eclampsia?
Eclampsia is a serious element that is common among pregnant women. In this article, I will be providing you with a piece of information regarding the difference between preeclampsia and eclampsia’s causes, symptoms, and along with ways to prevent it. Let's get started.
Pregnancy is a wonderful experience that brings excitement and joy to the life of expectant parents. But it's not without challenges. One of the complications that could be experienced during pregnancy is the condition known as eclampsia. Eclampsia is a serious disorder that is typically seen after the onset of preeclampsia that is defined by elevated cholesterol levels and damage to organs.
If not treated preeclampsia may progress to seizures or convulsions. In this article, I am focussing on the difference between preeclampsia and eclampsia along with their causes, symptoms, treatments, and possible complications.
Understanding Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is one of the pregnancy-related complications which is identified by the appearance of elevated blood pressure as well as a substantial amount of protein present in the urine or in proteinuria. It usually begins after the mid-20th week but can also occur in the first few days after the birth. This is known as postpartum preeclampsia.
Certain reports have described postpartum preeclampsia occurring between 4 and 6 weeks following birth. However, the majority of cases happen within the first 48 hours after birth. Preeclampsia is when the mother's blood pressure is high and can result in a decrease in the flow of blood to the fetus, resulting in lower oxygen levels and fewer nutrients being delighted to the embryo. Frequency can affect the percentage of pregnancies all over the world.
If untreated, Preeclampsia may result in a more severe fetal complication for the mother and the baby. It can also in some cases, even cause death. This condition is known as eclampsia.
What is Eclampsia?
Eclampsia is a serious problem that can arise in pregnancy, usually following the onset of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage like the liver and kidney. If untreated the condition may progress to the condition known as eclampsia. This is indicated by convulsions and seizures.
In addition, eclampsia may be described as the onset of seizures in women who suffer from preeclampsia. In the absence of treatment, studies have demonstrated that one out of 200 preeclampsia cases will develop into eclampsia, as eclampsia can be fatal and have severe consequences. The delivery is required regardless of how advanced your pregnancy has reached.
Symptoms of Preeclampsia
It is essential for women who are pregnant to know about the signs and immediately consult their physician when they notice one or more of these symptoms such as:
- The restriction of fetal growth
- Placental abruption
- Cardiovascular disease, as well as various organ damages
Experts believe that a variety of elements are behind the development of preeclampsia. One of them is the abnormally planted placenta or the formation and development of the placenta.
Also, there is evidence to suggest that this is a significant factor that predisposes to this condition. There are many environmental elements such as:
- Pollution
- Immunological factor
- Dietary factor or nutritional factors
Other symptoms could be:
- Nausea or vomiting
- Reduced urine output
- Dysfunctional liver
- Upper abdominal pain
- Reduced level of platelets in the blood
- Breath shortness due to breathing problems caused by the lungs’ fluids
Symptoms such as:
A high-level protein in urine is a common indicator that could be a sign of kidney failure.
Severe swelling edema is common, particularly on the face, hands, and feet, and could be noticed because of fluid retention.
Headaches:
Severe headaches and migraines that do not subside after taking medication over the counter should not be overlooked.
Visual Disturbance:
Blurred vision and sensitivity to light or short-term loss of vision could be experienced in certain cases.
Blood Pressure:
One of the main indicators of preeclampsia is the high blood pressure levels.
It is essential for women who are pregnant to be cognizant of the signs and immediately consult their doctor in case they are experiencing some of the symptoms.
Causes of Eclampsia and Risk Factor
Although the precise causes of eclampsia aren't completely identified, there are a number of risk factors that could increase the likelihood of a woman being diagnosed with the condition. The risk factors are:
First pregnancy:
Women who are having an unplanned pregnancy for the first time are more at risk of becoming pregnant with eclampsia.
Age:
Pregnant women who are younger than 20 or older than 40 are more susceptible to eclampsia.
Multiple Pregnancies:
Carrying twins, triplets, or more significantly increases the risk of eclampsia.
History of High Blood Pressure:
Women who have had high blood pressure prior to pregnancy are more likely to develop eclampsia.
Obesity:
Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of eclampsia during pregnancy.
Existing Medical Conditions:
Women with conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or lupus higher have a higher chance of developing eclampsia.
Symptoms of Eclampsia
Some common symptoms of eclampsia are:
Seizures:
Seizures or convulsions are the hallmark symptom associated with the condition known as eclampsia. They can be moderate to severe and can result in the loss of consciousness.
Headaches:
Severe headaches that don't respond to standard pain relievers could be a sign of the presence of eclampsia.
Visual Disturbance:
Blurred vision or temporarily lost vision or sensitive light are typical symptoms of visual impairment that can be caused by eclampsia
Swelling:
A large amount of swelling in fingers, the face, and feet can occur in women suffering from eclampsia.
High Blood Pressure:
High blood pressure frequently causes an abrupt increase in blood pressure.
Eclampsia Prevention and Management
The best way to prevent eclampsia is through proper parental care and regular checks. Here are a few essential steps to manage the condition:
Early Detection:
Regular prenatal screenings are vital to identify any signs of preeclampsia. This may lead to eclampsia. Urine and blood pressure tests are commonly used as tests for diagnosing.
Healthy Lifestyle:
Following healthy eating habits, engaging regularly in physical activity as directed by your doctor, and avoiding access to an increase in body weight throughout pregnancy could decrease the chance of having eclampsia.
Medication:
When you need medication, in some instances your physician might prescribe medication to treat high blood pressure or to prevent seizures.
Bed Rest:
In the event that you have had a diagnosis of preeclampsia your physician may suggest bed rest to reduce blood pressure, and decrease the chance of complications.
Delivery:
In extreme cases of eclampsia, delivery of the baby may be needed to protect the mother's health.
Eclampsia: A Serious Concern
If left untreated, preeclampsia can progress to eclampsia, which poses a significant risk to both the mother and the baby. Eclampsia is characterized by the occurrence of seizures or convolutions in women with frequency. These seizures can be life-threading and require immediate medical attention.
Identifying the Risk Factors of Eclampsia
While any pregnant woman can develop preeclampsia and subsequently eclampsia, certain factors may increase the risk. These include as:
- First-time pregnancy
- Age (teenage pregnancy or women over 35)
- Multiple gestations (such as twins or triplets)
- Pre-existing medical conditions like chronic hypertension, diabetes, or kidney disease
- Obesity
- A history of preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy
Family History of Preeclampsia
It is important to note that having one or more of these risk factors does not guarantee the development of eclampsia, but it highlights the need for vigilant monitoring and appropriate parental care.
The Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Prompt and accurate diagnosis of preeclampsia is essential to prevent its progression to eclampsia and to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby. Regular prenatal check-ups and monitoring of blood pressure and urine protein levels are crucial components of early detection. Additionally, healthcare providers may recommend various diagnostic tests, including blood tests, ultrasounds, and fetal monitoring, to assess the severity of the condition.
Managing Eclampsia
Once diagnosed with eclampsia immediate medical intervention is necessary to control seizures, stabilized blood pressure, and protect the health of the mother and the baby. Treatment typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, which may include:
Medications:
Anticonvulsant medications are administered to manage and prevent further seizures. Additionally, blood pressure-lowering medications may be prescribed to regulate hypertension.
Magnesium sulfate:
This medication is often used to prevent seizures and protect the brain from potential damage caused by eclamptic episodes.
Close Monitoring:
Continuous monitoring of vital signs, urine output, fetal heart rate, and overall well-being is crucial to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.
Delivery:
In severe cases of eclampsia, early delivery of the baby may be necessary to protect the mother’s health.
The timing and method of delivery depend on various factors, including the gestational and the condition of the mother and the baby.
Eclampsia Long-Term Effect
Eclampsia can have serious complications that extend beyond the immediate pregnancy period. It may lead to complications such as:
Placental Abruption:
A condition where the placenta separates from the uterine wall prematurely, depriving the baby of oxygen and nutrients.
Federal Growth Restriction:
Insufficient blood flow through the placenta can hinder the baby’s growth and development.
Organ Damage:
Eclampsia can cause damage to vital organs such as the liver and kidneys, affecting their function.
HELLP syndrome:
A severe form of preeclampsia that involves hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count, which can lead to life-straightening complications.
Long-term effects of eclampsia may include an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic hypertension, and kidney problems in the mother.
Conclusion
So, by now you must have understood the difference between preeclampsia and eclampsia. Eclampsia is a severe complication that can occur during pregnancy, particularly after the onset of preeclampsia. Eclampsia is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and preventive measures associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia you can take proactive steps to safeguard your health during pregnancy.
Remember, early detection and regular parental care play a vital role in the prevention and management of eclampsia. Regular parental care, including blood pressure monitoring, urine analysis, and thorough examinations, can aid in early diagnosis and timely intervention.